OUP

Summary: Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a frequently observed pain phenomenon of multifactorial origin. Anatomical, functional, biomechanical and other factors play a role in its etiopathogenesis. The influence of social and psychological aspects remains unclear.

The diagnostics should include a detailed medical history and a thorough clinical examination in which functional tests and exercises are of decisive importance. In addition, musculoskeletal imaging should focus on the exclusion of intra-articular pathologies and on the assessment of an anatomical or functional patellar malalignment, with potential implication of treatment.

Summary: Coronoid fractures are rare and clinically difficult to diagnose. Concerning the anteromedial facet of coronoid, in the majority of cases the anterior bundle of the MCL is torn out. Due to the accident mechanism, rupture of LCL is still almost obligatory. As a result, posteromedial rotational instability may develop. In addition to clinical examination, radiological imaging is the decisive diagnostic agent. The search for fracture fragments, which are usually only small, must be carried out extremely carefully and special attention should be paid to injuries to the collateral ligaments. Conservative therapy only plays a role in very small, non-dislocated or minimal fractures in patients with low functional demands. Therapeutically, surgical fracture retention is in the foreground. In the majority of cases, the collateral ligaments have to be reconstructed. Overlooked or incorrectly refixed, coronoid fractures can lead to joint instability and early development of post-traumatic arthrosis.