4. Runge M, Schacht E. Multifactorial pathogenesis of falls as a basis for mutifactorial interventions. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2005;5(2): 127–134.

5. Birge SJ. Osteoporotic fractures: a brain or bone disease? Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2008;6:57–61.

6. Dukas LC, Schacht E, Mazor Z, Stahelin HB. A new significant and independent risk factor for falls in elderly men and women: a low creatinine clearance of less than 65 ml/min. Osteoporos Int. 2005; 16(3):332–338.

7. Faulkner KA, Cauley JA, Zmuda JM, Landsittel DP, Newman AB, Studenski SA et al. Higher 1.25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 concentrations associated with lower fall rates in older community-dwelling women. Osteoporos Int. 2006; 17(9): 1318–1328.

8. Sorensen OH, Lund Bl, Saltin B, Lund BJ, Andersen RB, Hjorth L, Melson F, Mosekilde F. Myopathy in bone loss of ageing: Improvement by treatment with 1-alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol and calcium. Clinical Science 1979; 56: 157–161.

9. Annweiler C, Montero-Odasso M, Schott AM, Berrut G, Fantino B,
Beauchet O. Fall prevention and vitamin D in the elderly : an overview
of the key role of the non-bone
effects. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation 2010, 7:50doi: 10.1186/ 1743–0003–7–50.

10. Zhu K, Devine A, Prince R. Neuromuscular function and bone density as independent predictors of fracture in older women: A 10-year longitudinal study. Bone. 2008; 43: S26–37.

11. Kaptoge S, Benevolenskaya LI, Bhalla AK, Cannata JB, Boonen S, Falch JA, et al. Low BMD is less predictive than reported falls for limb fractures in women across Europe: results from the European Prospective Osteoporosis Study. Bone. 2005; 36: 387–397.

12. Jarvinen TLN, Stevanen H, Khan KM, Heinonem A, Kannis P. Shifting the focus in fracture prevention from osteoporosis to falls. Br Med J. 2008; 336: 124–126.

13. Gallagher JC. The effects of calcitriol on falls and fractures and physical performance tests. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2004; 89–90; 497–501.

14. Annweiler C, Schott AM, Allali G, Bridenbaugh SA, Kressig RW, Allain P Herrmann FR, Beauchet O. Association of vitamin D deficiency with cognitive impairment in older women. Cross-sectional study. Neurology 2010, 74: 27–32.

15. Cheung AM, Detsky AS. Osteoporosis and fractures- Missing the Bridge? JAMA 2008; 299(12): 1468–1470.

16. Kanis JA, Oden A, Johnell O, et al. The use of clinical risk factors enhances the performance of BMD in the prediction of hip and osteoporotic fractures in men and women. Osteoporos Int. 2007; 18(8): 1033–1046.

17. Hicks GE, Shardell M, Miller R, Bandinelli S, Guralnik J, Cherubini A, et al. Associations between vitamin D status and pain in older adults: the Invecchiare in Chianti Study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008;56 (5):785–791.

18. Schacht E, Ringe JD. Alfacalcidol improves muscle power, muscle function and balance in elderly patients with reduced bone mass. Accepted for publication in Rheumatol Int 2012; 32:207-215.

19. Erben RG, Mosekilde L, Thomsen JS, Weber K, Stahr K, Leyshon A, Smith SY, Phipps R. Prevention of bone loss in ovariectomized rats by combined treatment with risedronate and 1á,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. J Bone Miner Res 2002; 17:1498–1511.

20. Odvina CV, Zerwekh JE, Rao DS, Maalouf N. Gottschalk FA, Pak CY. Severely suppressed bone turnover: a potential complication of alendronate therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90: 1294–1301

21. Stepan JJ, Burr DB, Pavo I, Sipos A, Michalska D, Li J et al. Low bone mineral density is associated with bone microdamage accumulation in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Bone 2007; 41: 378–85

22. Ito M, Azuma Y, Takagi H, Komoriya K, Ohta T, Kawaguchi H. Curative effect of combined treatment with alendronate and 1á-hydroxyvitamin D3 on bone loss by ovariectomy in aged rats. Jpn J Pharmacol 2002; 89; 255–266.

23. Shiraishi A, Ito M, Hayakawa N, Kubota N, Imai N. Combination therapy with alfacalcidol and risedronate at their subtherapeutic doses can additively improve bone dynamics in ovariectomized rat model of osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 2004; 19:S180.

24. Iwamoto J, Seki A, Takeda T, Sato Y, Yamada H, Yeh JK. Effect of risedronate on the cortical and cancellous bone mass and mechanical properties in ovariectomized rats: a comparison with the effects of Alfacalcidol. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol. 2006;52:393–401.

25. Saito M, Shiraishi A, Ito M, Sakai S, Hayakawa N, Mihara M, et al. Comparison of effects of Alfacalcidol and Alendronate on mechanical properties and bone collagen cross-links of callus in the fracture repair rat model. Bone. 2010;46(4):1170–1179.

26. Ringe JD, Farahmand P, Schacht E, Rozehnal A. Superiority of a combined treatment of alendronate and alfacalcidol compared to the combination of alendronate and plain vitamin D or alfacalcidol alone in established postmenopausal or male osteoporosis (AAC-Trial). Rheumatol Int. 2007; 27: 425–434.

27. Felsenberg D, Bock O, Borst H, Armbrecht G, Beller G, Degner C, Stephan-Oelkers M, Schacht E, Mazor Z., Hashimoto J, Roth H-J, Martus P, Runge M. Additive impact of alfacalcidol on bone mineral density and bone strength in alendronate treated postmenopausal women with reduced bone mass. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2011; 11(1): 34–45.